Praxis Core Craft, Structure, and Language Skills Summary

The next sentence explains the word: she "told him so directly" instead of "hiding her opinion." So candid means honest and direct.

Wrong choices

• "gentle and kind": She avoided vague compliments, so the point is honesty, not gentleness.
• "angry and harsh": Nothing suggests anger; the staff appreciated her approach.
• "slow and careful": The passage stresses her directness, not her speed.
• "brief and unclear": She explained "exactly which sections needed work," which is clear, not unclear.

"Most beautiful" is a personal judgment that cannot be proved. The other statements can be checked by measuring or looking at records.

Wrong choices

• "The bridge is painted a color known as "International Orange."": The paint color can be checked, so it is a fact.
• "Its towers rise about 746 feet above the water.": A height can be measured, so it is a fact.
• "Its main span is about 4,200 feet long.": A length can be measured, so it is a fact.
• "The bridge opened to traffic in 1937.": A date can be checked in records, so it is a fact.

The passage gives step-by-step instructions: test monthly, replace the battery, clean the vents, test again. Its purpose is to inform readers how to maintain the alarm.

Wrong choices

• "persuade readers to buy a new type of smoke alarm": No product is recommended; the passage gives care steps.
• "compare battery-powered and wired smoke alarms": Only battery-powered alarms are discussed.
• "describe the history of smoke alarms": No history is given.
• "warn readers about the dangers of kitchen fires": Kitchen fires are not mentioned.

"Consequently" means "as a result." Because an octopus can squeeze through small openings, aquariums must seal small gaps.

Wrong choices

• "contrasts with the idea stated before it": A contrast would use a word like "however."
• "gives an example of the idea stated before it": An example would use a word like "for instance."
• "repeats the idea stated before it in other words": The sentence adds a new point (sealing lids), not a restatement.
• "introduces a new and unrelated topic": The sentence is about octopuses escaping, so it is related.

Words such as "patience," "famous," and "sparked their love of science," and the detail about the saved notebook, show respect and admiration.

Wrong choices

• "indifferent": The author includes warm details, which shows care, not lack of interest.
• "critical": Nothing negative is said about Mr. Okafor.
• "humorous": The passage is warm but not written to be funny.
• "anxious": There is no worry or fear in the passage.

She wanted to repeat the experiment before announcing it, which means the results were not yet certain.

Wrong choices

• "completely wrong": The results were "promising," so they were not wrong.
• "widely accepted": She had not shared them yet, so they could not be widely accepted.
• "very exciting": "Promising" already shows interest; "tentative" is about certainty.
• "easy to understand": The passage is about checking results, not understanding them.

The first sentence says the two kinds of fish work "in opposite ways," and the passage then describes each one. That is a contrast structure.

Wrong choices

• "It presents a problem and argues for one solution.": The passage explains two different approaches; it does not argue for one.
• "It lists events in the order in which they happened.": There is no time order of events.
• "It states an opinion and gives reasons to support it.": The passage gives facts, not an opinion.
• "It defines a term and gives a single example of it.": The passage describes two kinds of fish, not one example.

The phrase "In fact" at the start of the second sentence shows that the passage is correcting the picture described in the first sentence.

Wrong choices

• "state the main conclusion of the passage": The main point is that deserts are not mostly sand, which the first sentence does not say.
• "give evidence that most deserts are sandy": The rest of the passage shows most deserts are not sandy.
• "describe the climate of Antarctica": Antarctica is discussed only at the end.
• "define the word "desert"": The definition comes in the last sentence.

The planners responded to the concerns by adding parking, moving the playground, and closing at sunset. They dealt with the concerns.

Wrong choices

• "speak formally to": "Address" can mean to give a speech, but the planners solved problems instead.
• "write a location on": This meaning fits envelopes, not concerns.
• "send a letter to": No letters are mentioned.
• "give a name to": Nothing is being named.

The author admits players improve at the games, then uses "But" to point out little evidence of wider benefits. Doubting a claim because of weak evidence is skepticism.

Wrong choices

• "neutral": The author takes a side by pointing to studies that cast doubt on the claim.
• "enthusiastic": The author doubts the claim rather than praising it.
• "angry": The tone is calm and reasoned, not angry.
• "confused": The author explains the evidence clearly.